BIM and public contracts: a step towards digitalization
Introduction to the BIM obligation Just over a year after the publication of the new Procurement Code (Legislative Decree 36/2023), the construction sector in Italy is preparing for the implementation of BIM (Building Information Modeling). This methodology allows for the creation and enrichment of the digital representation of architectural, structural, and plant components, enhancing both the design model and the construction process. First of all, what is BIM? BIM stands for Building Information Modeling. It is an integrated approach to construction design and management that uses 3D digital models to accurately represent the physical and functional characteristics of a building or infrastructure. BIM is not just software but a process that involves various phases of a project’s life cycle. Technical features: Integrated 3D Model: BIM creates a three-dimensional model of the building that includes not only geometry but also specific information on materials, components, systems, and installations. Collaboration: It facilitates collaboration among all stakeholders (architects, engineers, builders, owners) through a single information-sharing platform, reducing errors and inconsistencies. Informative Database: Each element of the BIM model contains detailed data that can be used for various analyses, from cost management to energy performance simulations. Timeline for BIM Adaptation Starting from 2025, the use of BIM will become mandatory for a wide range of public projects valued at over one million euros. This provision, as outlined in the new Procurement Code (Legislative Decree 36/2023), continues what was already established by the previous code and Ministerial Decree 312/2021, aiming to improve the digital management of information throughout the entire lifecycle of a building or infrastructure. Requirements for contracting authorities Public administrations must adapt quickly and effectively. Article 43 of the new Procurement Code stipulates that, from January 1, 2025, contracting authorities and granting bodies must use digital construction information management methods and tools for the design and construction of new works and interventions on existing buildings. In summary, the obligation covers: The design and construction of new buildings; Interventions on existing buildings with a contract value exceeding one million euros; Article 43 also provides incentives for the voluntary adoption of BIM, awarding additional points to contracting authorities that choose to use this methodology, even when not mandatory. AI GENERATED IMAGE Roles and Competencies in Collaboration with the Solely Responsible Project Manager in the Adoption of BIM With the adoption of BIM, the figures collaborating with the Solely Responsible Project Manager include: The data-sharing environment manager; The manager of digital processes supported by information models; The coordinator of the information flows within the structure supporting the Solely Responsible Project Manager; These managers and coordinators must acquire adequate competence through specific training courses in accordance with national and international regulations. In the case of contracting engineering and architecture services, the contracting authorities and granting bodies must prepare an information specification to be attached to the tender documentation, containing the information requirements, specifics regarding the data-sharing environment, and criteria for the interoperability of information tools over time. Necessary requirements for public administrations According to Annex I.9, contracting authorities must: Specifically train personnel; Acquire and maintain BIM hardware and software tools; Adopt BIM control and management procedures; Appoint key figures such as the data-sharing environment manager, digital process manager, and information flow coordinator; Create a data-sharing environment; Ensure data interoperability with public databases; Prepare feasibility documents for design alternatives (DOCFAP) and design directive documents (DIP) with the required information; Use object-oriented information models (OpenBIM IFC); Refer to international standards UNI EN ISO 19650 and UNI 11337; Prepare adequate information specifications. Conclusions The adoption of BIM is a crucial step towards the digitalization of public contracts, surpassing the traditional approach based on paper documents and bureaucratic requirements. BIM facilitates telematic management and interoperability between certified platforms, improving collaboration among the various actors involved in the construction process. Additionally, it allows for the simulation and optimization of design, construction, and maintenance phases, reducing the risks of errors and design conflicts and enabling potential issues to be addressed and resolved in advance. Contact us for professional support.